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LAW1023C: Legal Foundations

This module gives you a broad and critical understanding of the structure and functions of law and the English legal system. In this module you will:

• start to develop key academic, study and legal skills;
• explore the primary sources of English law, the court hierarchy and common law systems;
• begin your critical examination of the role of lawyers, professional ethics and access to justice.

The skills and learning on this module can be further developed in the module 'Legal Foundations 2' (LAW1024C).

The aims of this module are:

1. to provide you with a foundational understanding of the nature of law, legal principles and legal practice;
2. to begin the process of equipping you with the necessary legal, theoretical, and ethical knowledge required for the study and practice of law;
3. to equip you with critical thinking, writing, teamwork and other skills needed to flourish in the study and practice of law.

LAW1024C: Legal Foundations 2

This module builds on the legal knowledge and skills developed in LAW1023C to give you a dynamic introduction to the world of legal practice. By working towards and taking part in client interviews, negotiations and a mock tribunal or court hearing, you will:

• continue the development of key academic, study and legal skills, using real world examples, practical experience, and role-play;
• continue to explore the primary sources of English law and the role of lawyers within the legal system;
• begin your development of the important legal practice skills of interviewing, advising, negotiation and advocacy within a framework of professional ethics and teamwork.

Moreover, this module supports you in recognising the importance of self-reflection in study and professional practice.

The aims of this module are:

1. to develop your use of sources of law in legal argument;
2. to begin the process of equipping you with the practical legal skills of client interviewing, the giving of advice, negotiation and advocacy;
3. to equip you with teamworking skills;
4. to equip you with the skill of critical self-evaluation in relation to skills development;
5. to provide you with an understanding of one area of substantive law.

POC1033: Political Communication

Is communication ever not political? Since power and decision-making is central to the study of politics, many forms of communication have political dimensions. Informal, personal interactions can reflect or challenge power dynamics. Communication does not need to be explicitly ‘political’, to reinforce or disrupt existing structures and norms in ways that shape public debate. We will examine forms of political communication, such as incivility in social and political life, rhetorical speeches, opinion pieces, state apologies, debate, citizens assembly deliberation, referendum campaigns, responses to controversial statues and comedy. We will also explore the skills needed to engage in effective and inclusive political communication. You will therefore develop your own capacities as an effective and inclusive communicator through practice-based learning in both a group and an individual project.

LAW1027C: Constitutional Law

The constitution of the UK is extremely dynamic and developing incrementally through changes in relationships with Europe, devolution to Scotland, Wales and the regions. This module will help you to analyse and challenge some of the basic tenets of the constitution of the UK. Examining developments in judicial review will enable you to understand the relationship between judges and the government and the impact of this relationship on both the law and the state. This module will further help you develop your analytical skills and your ability to understand the role of public law, which, although complex and technical, allows for exciting discussion on issues which are both current and shifting.

This module is one of the seven foundations of legal knowledge required by the Bar Standards Board and it is therefore compulsory for all who wish to progress onto the vocational stage of training to become a barrister. Students interested in becoming solicitors under the Solicitors Qualifying Examination route should also take this module. The module is available to students on interdisciplinary pathways and Flexible Combined Honours students.

This module aims to enable you to develop:

LAW1028C: Human Rights Law

Human rights law determines how far states can legitimately interfere in our freedoms, what happens when the rights of two individuals clash, and how different interests in society are balanced. This module aims to equip you with a deeper understanding of human rights law. The module will introduce you to the legal protection of human rights in the UK within its wider international, political, social and philosophical context. Acknowledging the racialised, gendered, human, and state-centric nature of modern human rights law and its class dimensions, the module goes beyond the doctrinal application of laws, and will enable you to analyse those laws through a critical lens. The module also touches upon the contemporary developments and challenges in the field of human rights law.

This module is one of the seven foundations of legal knowledge required by the Bar Standards Board and it is therefore compulsory for all who wish to progress onto the vocational stage of training to become a barrister. Students interested in becoming solicitors under the Solicitors Qualifying Examination route should also take this module. The module is available to students on interdisciplinary pathways and Flexible Combined Honours students.

This module aims to enable you to develop:

LAW1040C: Criminal Law 1 Foundations

This module is designed as a practical introduction to law and to the field of criminal law in particular, enabling you to understand key legal concepts and their application to real life situations. The syllabus is structured around the application of criminal law in practice, focussing on the application of the law by lawyers, particularly the judge but also the unique role of the jury. This module gives you the foundations of the practice of law in England and Wales, for any further study, using a type of law that is always current, developing and endlessly fascinating.

This module is one of the seven foundations of legal knowledge required by the Bar Standards Board and it is therefore compulsory for all who wish to progress onto the vocational stage of training to become a barrister. Students interested in becoming solicitors under the Solicitors Qualifying Examination route should also take this module.

LAW1041C: Criminal Law 2 Companies and Organisations

This module is designed to follow on from LAW1040C 'Criminal Law: Foundations', giving you the space and opportunity to practice using criminal law to specialize within the subject and to understand the laws of England within a comparative legal context. By the end of the module you should be able to approach questions of criminality from your understanding of the principles of criminal law and your experience of applying those principles to an area of specialism within criminal law, in this case corporate criminal liability. During this module you will learn how to learn how complete legal research to analyse the law and its operation critically at a foundational level. You will also learn to plan, structure and write your own small research project on corporate and organisational criminal responsibility.

This module is one of the seven foundations of legal knowledge required by the Bar Standards Board and it is therefore compulsory for all who wish to progress onto the vocational stage of training to become a barrister. Students interested in becoming solicitors under the Solicitors Qualifying Examination route should also take this module.

POC1003: British Government and Politics

This module will use the question of how pluralist British Politics is, to take students on a journey through under-examined aspects of British histories, cultures, and politics. In many respects it tackles the themes of traditional British Politics courses, but will provide a fresh new set of perspectives which begins from some of the inequalities which ripple through contemporary Britain. Our aim is that by exploring different positionalities and perspectives, some of the long-standing fracture lines in British society and politics can become better understood. Further, the module presents a version of politics in which power is dispersed throughout civil society, rather than held centrally in Westminster. We will explore the idea that the body politic is something that we all have the capacity to shape, and that we are all a part of, rather than something that is remote and inaccessible.

POC1021: Key Concepts in Politics and International Relations

How and when did China, Russia, North Korea or Cuba become the 'bad guys' in mainstream popular culture and the news? Why does mainstream news prioritize the US' foreign policies over Brazil's, for instance? What do we mean by realist, constructivist or idealist approaches in IR? Are such 'old school' concepts still relevant in an increasingly globalized world where borders appear to be blurred? What other approaches has IR, as a discipline, shied away from and why is it important that we centre our analysis around them? Our global world, some would argue, is at an important historical juncture: the environment, sexual rights and space exploration have become major debates alongside increasingly populist states. How do we make sense of this variety? Who has the power to implement such analyses? Our module attempts to make sense of our world by drawing together classic and contemporary analysis in IR. We will draw on scholarly works whilst examining them in tandem with historical and current events.

No prior knowledge skills or experience are required to take this module and it is suitable for specialist and non-specialist students. The module is suitable for students studying Politics, History or International Relations.

POC1022: Violence in World Politics

This module will help you to understand the different conceptual approaches that enable a critique of violence in the contemporary international system.

Violence is an ever-present feature of international politics. Violence can be a direct and physical act, such as war and terrorism. Violence can also be a non-physical and anonymous act of neglect or abuse, such deprivation and abandonment. Violence can also be performed through culture and institutions. In this module we will examine a series of questions: What is violence? Where and how does it happen in world politics? What causes it? When is it justifiable? Is violence inevitable, or can violence be reduced, and even eliminated? By studying violence, we will examine some of the greatest challenges and issues in international politics today: war and terrorism; economic inequality; religious and secular justifications for violence; environmental, cultural and urban destruction; borders; sexual violence; and new technologies. Through the lens of International Relations scholarship, you will research, engage with, and critique different ways of conceptualising both the root causes of violence and the possibilities for change.

There are no pre-requisite or co-requisite modules required in order to take this module.

The aim of this module is to:

POC1026: Power, Inequality and Global Justice

This module will help you to ask critical questions about the assumptions behind contemporary practices of power in the contemporary international system.

You will understand what it means to ask critical questions by exposing and deconstructing a range of empirical practices in world politics. Through this critical questioning, we will explore the issues and possibilities for global justice in the contemporary international system. In this module we will examine a series of questions: How can we think critically? How do we find out what is going on in the world? Why do we obey? Why is the world divided territorially? Do colonialism and slavery belong in the past? Why are some people better off than others? What makes the world dangerous? What can we do to change the world? Who do we think we are? How can we end poverty? You will be exposed to a variety of approaches or 'framings' of world politics and encouraged to develop your own perspectives and reasoned arguments about them.

There are no pre-requisite or co-requisite modules required in order to take this module. This module is particularly recommended for students who intend to pursue modules in International Relations at levels 2 and 3.

The aims of this module are to:

POC1028: Modern Political Theory

This course will provide you with a foundation in core political concepts through a reading of canonical texts of modern political theory. Authors will include major political theorists throughout the modern period from Machiavelli to Marx. We will address a number of crucial political questions including: what is the basis of legitimate government and political obligation? What is the relationship between individuals and the state? What is the nature of liberty and equality? How does the institution of private property interact with the exercise of political power? In exploring these questions, we will observe the development of central political concepts against the backdrop of the French and American revolutions. Core readings will reflect upon the conceptual framework through which we interpret political practices and institutions and will provide a crucial foundation for future study.

No prior knowledge skills or experience are required to take this module and it is suitable for specialist and non-specialist students. The module is suitable for students studying Politics and History.

LAW2004C: Contract Law

So much of everyday life is regulated by contract - for example, buying food or a train ticket, renting a house, or getting a job. Contract also regulates multi-million pound transactions, such as the corporate take-over of another company, building a new factory, or commissioning a container ship. Understanding how contracts work empowers us to understand these transactions and resolve disputes between the parties to them. Small wonder, then, that contract law is a central part of the law of the England and Wales, knowledge of which is treated by the Solicitors Regulation Authority and the Bar Standards Board as a fundamental requirement for those wishing to practise law.

In this module, you will explore the process of making a contract, learn about contract terms, and also about what happens when a contract is broken or comes to an end.

LAW2015C: The Law of Torts

The law of obligations concerns obligations which we voluntarily enter into (contract law), and obligations which the law imposes on us (tort law). A 'tort' is a legal wrong (e.g. assault, or trespass, or negligently causing psychiatric injury). When someone commits such a wrong, the law provides a personal remedy - that is, a remedy against the person who has wronged us (e.g. by requiring the wrongdoer to pay us money). On this module, you will study how tort law identifies whether one person is under an obligation to another, and under what circumstances breach of that obligation will give rise to a remedy. You will work together with other students in 'law firms' on a tort law problem, developing your oral and written skills of argument and building a case for argument in a legal exercise.

The law of obligations, including tort law, is a foundation subject for professional legal practice, and therefore compulsory for all students wishing to obtain the LLB. Students must have taken LAW1023C, 'Legal Foundations' prior to taking this module.

The aims of this module are

POC2124: Political Analysis

This module will introduce you to political analysis in order to prepare you for your dissertation in third year. You will engage with a range of theories and approaches to the study of Politics and International Relations. You will be challenged to reflect on the assumptions that underpin various analytical lenses, which in turn shape the questions that can be asked and answered. As experts in their field, staff will offer political issues to be analysed and work through a number of different approaches and methods, using real world examples of research on that issue. Through the module you will be guided on choosing a suitable topic for your dissertation, conducting a literature review, generating your own focussed research questions, and designing an independent research project.

HAP3000: Dissertation

The dissertation module equips you with ability to design and carry out independent research on a specific research topic in History and/or Politics and International Relations - with the support from an academic supervisor - resulting in a dissertation.

Each dissertation is a unique research project shaped by your own research interests and ideas and compliant with the standards or rigour and validity of academic research. Hence, there is art and skill to competing a dissertation. It helps developing deep discipline-specific knowledge and valuable transferable skills, including project and time management, engaging with feedback, research, data analysis, critical thinking and communication skills.

This module aims to equip you with necessary knowledge and skills to conduct your own dissertation research in History and/or Politics and International Relations using a series of dissertation lectures and workshops, as well as supervision meetings with a supervisor. These sessions will cover the research process and basics of research design, and other topics essential for your dissertation project. Overall, the module will enable you to conduct your independent research to address a research question of your choice in a rigorous, ethical and competent manner, thus, making you an expert in this research topic.